Study Guide for chapters 17-20

Chapter 17
Informative speaking:
Goals: enhance understanding, maintain interest, be remembered
Types:
objects , procedures, people, events, ideas

Enhance audience understanding:
clarity (preview, connect points in order, summarize key points, visual outline, stay on point, pace your speech)
principles/ techniques (immediate info, engage, connect to life, relevance to life, solve issues)
clarify unfamiliar and complex points (analogies, vivid descriptions)
Visual reinforcement

Maintain audience attention:
Establish motive for listening
Tell a story (conflict, action, suspense, humor)
Relate to listeners
Enhance audience recall:
Repeat main ideas
Keep it simple
Pace the flow

Chapter 18
Persuasive Speaking:
Changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values and/or behaviors.
Attitudes: learned disposition
Beliefs: solid understanding (T/F)
Values: ethical judgments( good, bad, right, wrong, worth)

Approaches: Proofs
Ethos: credibility
Logos: logic
Pathos: emotional appeal

ELM: Elaboration Likelihood Model (how audiences interpret persuasive messages)
Two routes: direct – critical (elaborate) and passive- peripheral (do not elaborate)

Motivate listeners:
Dissonance: create imbalance then restore
Coping strategies: discredit source, reinterpret message, seek new info., stop listening, change attitude etc.
Listener needs: Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs
Physiological needs: comfort
Safety: security
Social: valued
Self- esteem: think well of ourselves
Self actualization: meet potential
Positive vs. Negative Motivation: benefits vs threats and fear appeals

Develop your persuasive speech:
Consider audience:
Diversity, Ethics
Select and narrow topic:
Controversy, Media and Internet resources
Determine your purpose:
Social judgment theory (latitudes of acceptance, rejection, and noncommitment)
Develop your Central idea and main ideas:
Proposition: audience agreement (propositions of fact (T/F), value (worth)and policy (specific action)

Chapter 19
Persuasive Strategies:
Establishing credibility: competence, trustworthiness, dynamism (charisma)
Enhancing credibility: initial vs. derived vs. terminal
Logic/ Evidence: Inductive (general to specific) vs. Deductive reasoning (minor- major premise) vs. Casual (relate)
Support: evidence: facts, examples, hypotheticals, opinions, statistics
Avoid Fallacies: causal, bandwagon, either- or, hasty generalizations, ad hominen ( personal attack), red herring (attack by irrelevant facts), misplaced authority (unrelated credibility- spokespeople), non- sequitur (inconsistent connections)
Emotional appeals: Strategies:
Concrete examples, vivid language, nonverbal gestures, visual imagery, appropriate metaphors, appropriate fear appeals, shared myths
Specified target emotions: hope, pride, courage, reverence
Adaption:
Receptive audience: identification, clarify objective, be honest and clear, solicit immediate show of support, be ethical and effective with appeals, make action appealing and easy
Neutral audience: capture attention early, refer to shared beliefs, relate to listeners and kin, be realistic about goals
Unreceptive audience: do not immediately announce point, hit points of agreement before disagreement, tread lightly- don’t expect immediate changes of heart, acknowledge opposing viewpts., establish credibility, try to encourage understanding rather than advocacy
Strategies for Organization:
Problem- solution, refutation, cause and effect, motivated order,
Chapter 20
Special Occasion speeches
Workplace: reports
Public relations: discuss issues, anticipate criticism
Ceremonial:
Introduction (brief/ accurate)
Toasts (salute)
Award Presentations: (occasion, history and significance of event, name the person)
Nominations
Acceptances
Keynote: summarize emphasis of importance
Commencement addresses
Commemorative Addresses/ Tributes
Eulogies
Humor Effectiveness: topics, stories, verbal strategies ( puns, hyperbole- exaggeration, understatement, irony, wit)

Changes to the syllabi for Tuesday 12:30- 3:20 class!!!

This schedule applies directly to Tuesday class 12:30- 3:20!!!!

8/30: Review of chap. 1-4., intro. speeches (LM 1)

9/6: No class

9/13: Introduction speeches, 17- 20 (LM 2) (introduce dem speeches)

9/20: prepare for demo speeches, chapters 5-9 (LM 3)

9/27: demo speeches, review midterm criteria (introduce sp.oc spch)

10/4: prepare for special occasion speeches, chapters 10-14 (LM 4)

10/11: Midterm due, special occasion speeches (introduce inf. spch)

10/ 18: Workshop: informative speeches., catch up day, chapters 15- 16 (LM 5)

10/25: Informative Speeches (introduce inf. spch)

11/1: Reflection activity, prepare for Impromptu speeches

11/8: Impromptu speeches (introduce pers. spch)

11/15: Application activity

thanksgiving break: make up for Tuesday classes

11/29: Evaluation activity and workshop for Persuasive speeches

12/6: Review for final, workshop for Persuasive speeches

12/13: Persuasive Speeches, final exam due

FOR THE TUES/THURS CLASS: CHANGES WILL BE DISCUSSED IN CLASS!!

LINKS!!!

http://http://www.wikihow.com/Create-a-PowerPoint-Presentation

This is a link to a tutorial on creating power points.

http://http://www.ehow.com/how_2194722_attach-file-email.html

This is a link to a tutorial on attaching files to email. If you do not have a flashdrive, you may want to save your powerpoint as an attachment in an email!!

If you cannot open these links, cut and paste the address!!

NOTE!!!!

I felt that the previous template was too distracting and so I changed it!!!

Chapter 1-4 Study Guide

This is a look at the concepts that I want you to focus on while you are reading chapters 1-4!!!!



Chapter One
- Empowerment: competence/confidence
- Employment: 1. Speaking skills 2. Written skills 3. Listening 4. Enthusiasm 5. Technical ability
- Public Speaking: “Formal Planned Conversation only less fluid and interactive”
- Roles: Speaker and Audience
- Process: plan, focus/ vocalize thoughts, adapt to audience, standard English, formal nonverbal
- Comm process: source ( encoder)
- message: code( verbal and nonverbal symbols that the audience recognize) (decode)
- channels (visual/ auditory),receiver, noise(external/ internal)
-
- Interaction (feedback/ context)…
- Transaction (simultaneous exchange


Chapter Two
- Confidence. Nervousness.
- Heartrates (avg. = pos., insensitive =relaxed, inflexible ( high)= motivational, confrontational (high)= emotional
-
- Style: Know your behavior, then develop appropriate strategies
- Build your confidence strategies:
-
- Don’t procrastinate(preparation is key to comfort and confidence)
- Know your audience ( do not wait until you are in front of them, find your comfort level and you will gain confidence)
- Select an appropriate topic (make a connection and find familiarity to be comfortable and confident)
- Prepare ( it will help you to gain confidence and conviction)
- Organization ( work on a cohesive plan from start, middle, to end)
- Know your intro and conclusion well (these are the parts that will last with the audience and this is where you are likely most nervous)
- Recreate the environment and practice ( visualize the process and place)
- Use breathing techniques ( use up the nervous energy prior to speech)
- Channel the energy ( envision calm)
- Visualize your success ( positive thoughts)
- Mental pep talk ( positive motivation)
- Focus on your purpose (don’t worry about the physical, focus on the message)
- Look for support in the audience and speak to them
- Focus on your accomplishment ( focus on finishing, not the anxiety)
- Look for opportunities to speak (control your speaking opps as well as your presence)


Chapter Three

Audience Centered Speaking.

The model: consider the audience (delivery, topic, purpose, central ideas, generating main ideas, supporting materials, organization, rehearsal)

Gather info about audience: demographics, diversity, values, belief, and knowledge base

Select and Narrow topic: Consider who the audience is, what are my strengths, occasion?

Purpose: General to Specific (inform? Persuade? To gaining support or confirming beliefs.)

Central Idea: What is the point?

Main Ideas: Reasons? Common Interpretations? Steps?

Support: Criteria (senses, statistics, substantial) Research (peer reviewed, scholarly)

Organization: outline form
Consider visual aids.

I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter
B. Central Idea: Thesis
C. Preview
II. Main Idea One
A. Support
III. Main Idea Two
A. Support
IV. Main Idea Three
A. Support
V. Conclusion
A. Recap Speech
B. Lasting Thought

Rehearse your speech: (out loud, allows for critical review)

Make eye contact: (scan audience)

Chapter Four

Free and Ethical.

Ethics: beliefs, values, moral principles help by the majority used in decision making.

Free Speech: the balance of speaking freely yet within the condition of ethics. (First Amendment: Freedom of Speech)

Patriot Act: Govt power against free speech

Ethical Speech: More free speech- more importance on ethics

Ethically speaking: Responsible goals, sound evidence and reasoning, tolerant of difference, honesty, avoid plagiarism

Ethically listening: Communicate expectations and feedback nonverbally and verbally, be tolerant to difference, listen critically

Here is the outline format!!

This is the format for the outline I would like you to use for your speech. I have included some examples in parenthesis that I might use if I were giving the speech. You only need to follow the bold faced structure.

I. IntroductionA. Attention getter (How many of you like watching TV? I have made a career of it...)
B. Central idea: thesis ( I will be discussing the three main parts of my life to give you a better idea about me, so that we can all get to know one another better...)
C. Preview ( I will be discussing A, B, C)
(transition: next, moving on, etc.)

II. Main idea ONE
A. Family: married, three kids, seven pets
(transition: we are busy, but we have fun...)

III. Main idea TWO
A. Hobbies: games, travel,lake
(transition: none of this would be possible without work...)

IV. Main idea THREE
A. Jobs: teaching, management, subbing
(transition: to conclude, in short, etc.)

V.Conclusion
A. Recap:(Today, I have discussed my family, hobbies, and work...)
B. Lasting Thought: ( Thank you for allowing me to share, I hope....)

Intro spch rubric

BRING TWO TYPED COPIES OF OUTLINE TO CLASS!!!

KEYWORD OUTLINE!!!

Introductory Speech Rubric: 50 points
30- Organization: outline format
5- Audience analysis: evidence of recognizing audience during preparation
10- Preparation: structured format and follow through
5- Power point (min of 3 slides- intro, support, summary, max of 5 slides)


This is a biographical speech about you. Break down yourself into three main areas of your life, one of which should be your education. Create an outline based on the one discussed in class. Make sure to include all of the areas discussed in class. You mustcreate a ppt. This speech should be between 3 to 5 minutes. You will be docked points for going under and you will be cutoff at the 5 min mark. Make sure to prepare accordingly. Dress is casual. NO HOLES IN JEANS. NO TANKTOPS OR GYM WEAR!

Welcome Students!!!

Hello all! I am pleased to be teaching this course. I am extemely passionate about Communications and I am eager to work with you!